Under the tide of intelligent network connection, ADAS has attracted the attention of the industry as a means of realizing the automatic driving from the reality. Recently, the "3rd Intelligent Automotive Technology International Forum and Innovation Exhibition" gathered a large number of industry experts and scholars to conduct in-depth discussions on this topic, and Geshi Auto will sort out some of the speeches in the forum.
This article refers to the address: http://
Professor Yang Diange, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University
The following is a speech by Professor Yang Diange, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, on "Smart Vehicle Environment Perception and High-Precision Positioning Technology":
I talked about some of my own understanding of smart car environment perception and high-precision navigation technology.
My report is divided into three parts: Combining the development history of smart cars, I will discuss with you the driving force of smart car's environment-aware technology for the development of smart cars.
Let us first look at the history of the development of smart cars. Everyone searches for smart cars and autopilots on the Internet. The earliest history of the search was one hundred years ago. In 1925, in New York, USA, a radio company in the United States. I did a "nobody" driving car. Everyone knows that today's discussion is about the driverless driving of the car on the highway. A hundred years ago, someone in the United States had already achieved "nobody" driving in the city. I carefully checked the information of this car and found that there is no ability to sense the environment, so I don't have the ability to avoid collisions or choose routes. All unmanned implementations are achieved by wireless remote control, at best, a wireless remote control car, not autonomously driven. The first generation of self-driving cars should be the unmanned car jointly developed by General Motors and American Radio Company in 1953. The concept realized by this car is based on the magic road proposed by Mr. Bell in 39 years. Navigation guidance of the vehicle. In 1960, the British Road Traffic Research Institute took this technology to the extreme. Through the guidance of road magnetic nails, the unmanned vehicle with a speed of almost 114 kilometers was realized under different road conditions and different weather conditions. We saw that the car that was driven automatically 50 or 60 years ago had a weaker environmental perception. The navigation guidance of the vehicle was mainly achieved by road nails.
In the 1980s and 1990s, the development of computer vision technology and radar made the unmanned vehicle technology enter a new stage. In the 1980s, Munich was unmanned based on computer vision on a Mercedes Benz. The picture shows the 1987 DARPA in the ALV program in the United States, through computer vision to achieve unmanned driving in complex mountain conditions. In the middle is the Toyota ASV smart car. This car is very famous. Many people have seen this picture. Toyota used radar in this car, and used many ADAS functions such as computer vision and lane keeping. At the far right is the Berkeley PATH technology in California, which combines radar technology, workshop communication technology, and road magnetic nail technology to achieve automatic driving of the car queue. Compared with the road nail technology 50 years ago, we said that the PATH automatic car has more environmental sensing capabilities, the vehicle can not only feel the position on the road, but also has the collision avoidance function through the radar, and has the automatic route selection. Ability. Therefore, we have seen that the development of visual sensors in the 1980s and 1990s has greatly promoted smart driving. In particular, many of the applications of ADAS that we see today are generated at this stage.
After entering the 21st century, the development of unmanned vehicles has entered a new stage. One of the milestones is the DARPA contest in the United States. In 2004, the first unmanned car race was held. The first and second contests were completed in the desert area, with a total distance of more than 200 kilometers. In the second contest, Stanford University used LIDAR and used computer vision. The third competition was held in the city. Although this competition has been held for three times, the development and promotion of unmanned vehicles is very large.
We saw the first Google smart car in the middle, based on Stanford-related technology, based on LIDAR technology. On the right is Google’s second-generation smart car, an unmanned smart electric car developed on electric vehicle technology. We must understand that, for the development of smart cars, especially companies like Google and Baidu enter this field. In addition to being related to our smart car technology, new energy vehicles have also played a very important role in promoting them.
For smart cars, the 21st century, the laser radar in this decade, especially LIDAR is an important driving force for the development of unmanned driving. With nearly a hundred years of history, the development of sensor technology and the continuous enhancement of environmental awareness are important driving forces for the development of unmanned vehicles. Of course, today we talk about driverlessness. Everyone thinks this is a long way off. Especially for ordinary people, although Google’s unmanned vehicles have run millions of miles in California and pulled to Beijing, this may not work. As we all know, the realization of unmanned vehicles takes a long time, but Mr. Ma Yun also said that ideals we still have to have, in case of realizing it.
Our auto companies and industries are relatively more optimistic about smart cars than ordinary people. This is a picture reported by Academician Li Jun yesterday. I specifically cut it down. As you can see, we were fully automated unmanned driving in 2025 when we achieved it. I noticed it here. He named the smart car a long way. I want to show that we are full of confidence in the process of capturing smart cars and driving people, and full of determination to deal with all kinds of difficulties. Not only FAW, if you have participated in various forums in recent times, such as Nissan, BMW, Volkswagen, and Mercedes-Benz, everyone will almost certainly put their industrialization time in 2025, and basically realize its industry in 2025. Turn.
This is a picture of a gentleman yesterday. From this picture, it can be seen that this represents auto parts companies and auto electronics companies. In his plan, fully automatic driving can be realized by 2025. In fact, not only the mainland, If you find out the map of Bosch, it is also found by 2025.
Yesterday, an expert mentioned the IEEE forecast. The IEEE forecast is more optimistic than our car manufacturers. In 2020, it is predicted that Volvo, GM, Audi, BMW, Mercedes-Benz and Nissan will launch fully-automobile unmanned vehicles. By 2040, the market penetration rate reached 75%, and we see a very optimistic figure.
This is the prediction made by Tsinghua University and the Ministry of Industry and Information, as well as our alliance, about the intelligent development of our country. According to our predictions, in the last two to three years, from 2016 to 2018, more is the advancement of ADAS, adaptive cruise, lane keeping, auxiliary parking, auxiliary lane change and so on. Conditional automatic driving around 2020, automatic driving on highways, intersection access and so on. It is predicted that the road and the road will be coordinated in 2025, and urban self-driving and unmanned driving can be realized. We have also made predictions on the Internet of Vehicles technology. On the vertical axis, we believe that in recent years, for example, the Internet of Vehicles has more to stay in the stage of networked auxiliary information interaction, and in the medium-term development to the collaborative awareness stage of networking, to the true around 2025. Will go to the networked collaborative control decision-making stage.
I saw the predictions of the development of unmanned vehicles by various manufacturers. We said that the ideal is very good, but the reality is very skinny. From now until 2025, less than a decade, the people feel that there is no time for the unmanned car to go on the road. Why? It is very difficult. There must be some key bottlenecks that hinder the development of unmanned vehicles. Let's take a look at the key technologies of unmanned vehicles.
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