In order to enhance the reliability of the trigger operation, it is essential that the output state changes only once per CLK cycle. To achieve this, a pulse-triggered flip-flop is designed based on the level-triggered flip-flop. This ensures that the system remains stable and avoids unintended transitions.
The master-slave SR flip-flop has a characteristic equation: Q* = S + R'Q, with the constraint that SR = 0. This means that both S and R cannot be active at the same time, preventing an undefined state.
In a master-slave JK flip-flop, when the clock (CP) is high (1), the master section receives the input signals and updates its state accordingly. When CP goes low (0), the master section holds its previous state, while the slave section takes in the state from the master. As a result, the output of the master-slave flip-flop changes only at the falling edge of the clock signal. This type of operation is known as master-slave triggering.
The characteristic equation for the JK flip-flop is Q* = JQ' + K'Q. This equation describes how the output changes based on the values of J and K inputs.
In pulse-triggered mode, the flip-flop operates in two distinct steps. First, during the CLK=1 phase, the master flip-flop processes the input signals and sets itself to the appropriate state, while the slave remains unchanged. Then, at the falling edge of CLK, the slave flip-flop updates its state based on the master's current state, causing the output terminals Q and Q’ to change.
Throughout the entire period when CLK is high, the input signals are continuously monitored by the master flip-flop. This ensures that any changes in the input are captured before the clock transitions to low.
One notable phenomenon is the occurrence of "one-time" state changes. For example, if Q is 0, then a positive signal on the J input will cause a transition, while a positive signal on the K input when Q is 1 will have the same effect. This ensures that the flip-flop responds only once per clock cycle, based on the input signals, avoiding multiple toggles due to noise or interference.
It is important to note that in practical applications, the J and K inputs must be stable and set before the rising edge of the clock. Once the clock is high, these inputs should remain constant, and the final state change occurs only at the falling edge of the CLK signal. This design helps in maintaining stability and improving the overall performance of digital circuits.
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