In recent years, the government has attached great importance to the work of urban lighting and the construction of urban lighting projects as an important measure to improve and beautify the urban environment. A successful light environment design can give a city a unique personality and emphasize specific architectural qualities. Letting the city shine has become the consensus of leaders at all levels and all walks of life.
I. Analysis of the status quo of the lighting market
1. Survey of the status quo of the lighting market After more than 20 years of development, China's lighting market has grown rapidly. So far, China's lighting market has basically formed a situation in which state-owned, collective, joint-stock, individual-private, joint-venture, and sole proprietorship enterprises coexist.
The number of enterprises has also grown from the initial dozens to nearly 10,000 now. China has become a major producer of lighting fixtures in the world. The landscape lamp enterprises are mainly concentrated in small and medium-sized enterprises in Guzhen Town, Guangdong Province. During the period from 1999 to 2003, they developed vigorously in the national Dajian Square and the landscape avenue. Because there is almost no investment in mold fees, the lighting pattern is prevalent. 99% of the lighting factory product samples are almost exactly the same, but under the national macro-policy control that began in 2004, these enterprises are now struggling, the product homogenization is serious, the industry is over-competitive, and they are caught in the lighting project, but they are doing more. The more the odd circle.
2. Problems in the lighting market
(1) Lack of original products, imitating products. As long as new products appear in the market and are recognized by everyone, they will be copied in large numbers. After China's accession to the WTO, the protection of patents for lighting products has received more and more attention.
(2) The basic processing industry is backward. Many rural enterprises use small-tonnage die-casting machines to process large parts. The compactness of the products is not enough. A large number of sand-eyes are repaired by the subsequent processes. Such products have hidden dangers in oxidation resistance and mechanical strength.
(3) Just look at the appearance and despise the function. The light distribution curve and reflective efficiency of many lamps are perfectly written in the manual, but the actual use is very different. The illuminance and uniformity of the luminaire simply cannot meet the general requirements for use.
(4) The variety of products is relatively simple. The development of new products lags far behind the development of the market, and the product life cycle is too long, ignoring the product update and upgrading.
Second, the design of urban lighting
Since ancient times, there has been a custom of watching lanterns and enjoying the scenery. The Lantern Festival held a lantern commemorative meeting, and various lanterns were hung at the meeting. The garden architecture in Chinese classical architecture pays great attention to the combination of natural environment elements such as landscape trees, pursues the goal of artificially emulating nature and sublimating the landscape effect, and forms many landscape design methods with extremely high aesthetic value. The lighting culture is a display of higher requirements for spiritual and cultural life after the improvement of material life in the environment of Guotai Min'an.
1. Urban street lighting design The urban lighting environment is inseparable from the development of light source and the development of luminaire design form and technology. In addition to the beauty brought by the light and color to the city, the image and characteristics of the lamp itself are also Beautify the city to add elegant brushstrokes.
Figure 1 Harmony Light Figure 2 Torch
From public places to residential garden designs, from business environments to exhibition design, street lighting design has become a key element in the design of various environmental settings in the 21st century.
In the following, combined with the experience in my own design practice, I will talk about the design and energy saving of street lighting from the following five aspects.
(1) Forms and points of street lamp installation: There are four basic forms of arrangement and arrangement of lamps, namely single-sided cloth lamps, central cloth lamps (including central single-lamp lamps, central symmetrical lamps), staggered lamps and symmetry Cloth lights, etc.
(2) Selection of light source type: Generally, street lighting uses high-efficiency light sources such as high-pressure sodium lamps and fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamps. In recent years, metal halide lamps have been widely used in street lighting systems. At present, various specifications have been formed, ranging from low power to high power, low color temperature to high color temperature, general color development to high color rendering.
(3) Optimization of control methods: traditional street lamps use time control and simple automatic control of illumination control. Nowadays, intelligent control methods through computer technology and communication network technology have played an important role in streetlight management systems in major cities. .
(4) Design of distribution lines: The requirements for the current carrying capacity when selecting the cable cross section are easily met, and the key consideration is the line voltage drop. The solution to the line drop problem is to increase the cable cross section appropriately. When the line voltage drop meets the requirements, the current carrying capacity of the cable has greatly exceeded the requirements. Therefore, we choose the cable section to be appropriately thickened, which not only meets the requirements of reducing the pressure drop, but also saves energy.
2. Cityscape lighting design
(1) The coordination of landscape lighting and environmental art should be fully considered in the design. Our lighting works should be integrated with the urban construction planning, local human landscape and architect's ideas, and make full use of light and shadow, virtual and real, Modern lighting techniques such as motion and quiet show a night view of the city that is different from the daytime. The combination of the space, the line and the surface of the illumination is an important arrangement of landscape lighting. For a complete modern urban landscape lighting system, the three main types of lighting, including single floodlighting, road lighting, and landscape lighting, constitute the three elements of the urban three-dimensional spatial landscape lighting system. It is necessary to coordinate development and highlight the key points. This requires that the specific lighting environment design should first consider the needs of the overall lighting environment, and must not be overwhelming, but only reflect its individual characteristics, while ignoring the impact on the surrounding environment.
(2) There should be a strong safety awareness during the design process. The safety of the lighting system is directly related to the safety of people's work and life. This requires that the landscape lighting system must have a good security system, which is the protection and lighting of the lighting fixtures. The protection of the cable interface, the leakage protection performance of the line and the grounding device put forward higher requirements. When selecting lamps, in addition to meeting the requirements of modeling and light distribution, high-protection (IP) products should be used as much as possible according to actual needs. These products have superior performance in waterproof and dustproof, which can protect the lamps with high efficiency and maintenance rate. , can greatly improve the security of use.