Another key technology for cable TV networks for IPTV is called CDN, which is a content distribution network, which is a strategy. Based on what considerations? Cable TV networks are basically a hybrid network, the backbone is a fiber-optic network, and there are various ways to receive users, and now mainly use cables to access users. If there are IPTV services on this network, there are several bottlenecks. One is the bottleneck of the server. The server's own capabilities are limited. Supporting hundreds of streams to thousands of streams is already a good server. But if the large deployment, tens of thousands of users are watching, a machine is impossible to achieve, how to do it? Generally speaking, the cluster is used to expand the server, and the server clusters the load. Another bottleneck is the network, installed to the home, tens of millions, tens of thousands of users at the same time, the bandwidth is very wide, requiring network bandwidth is very large, so the use of CDN content distribution, mainly using the core edge of the way, the server In the distributed way, all the programs are stored in the central core station, and the content is distributed to the edge website through the backbone network of the broadcasting and television, and the edge website is basically close to the user, in the cell, the fiber point, the user service, Directly served by the edge router, alleviating the pressure on the backbone network bandwidth, but what is the problem? We need a strategy to distribute the content to the edge streaming server.
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Now there is a new technology, using a more advanced way, using high-performance streaming media server in the front end, of course, the price is relatively high, the performance is relatively high, can serve thousands of tens of thousands of users at the same time, through the backbone The network sends the program directly to the user, but in the edge cell, only one edge band is used for management, which requires the backbone network to be very high, reaching 10G or more. This approach has a big advantage. For users, networking is very simple. As with the previous method, there is a problem. As the number of users increases, there will be more and more servers on the edge. For operators, the cost of managing these edges is very high.
IPTV programs, electronic program guides are generally in the form of HTML, transmitted to the set-top box through the IT network, the set-top box is displayed with the built-in browser, and can cooperate with each other. The IP system is used in the cable TV system of the broadcasting and TV system. It also needs the back-end technology, which is the back-end support. There are mainly billing, digital rights management, and users to manage these services. Billing in this way is very flexible. According to the media type, time period, and visited population, the billing group can be monthly, pay-per-view, and so on. The related technology in the background management is digital copyright technology. The scheme used in DVB-C cable TV is called CA technology for user management and authorization authentication, but IPTV mainly uses authentication technology and digital rights management method to authenticate users.
The realization of digital copyright, mainly using digital encryption technology, as well as higher watermark technology, copyright protection for streaming media, and a point-to-point security mechanism, can achieve information authentication, anti-denial, and intrusion Respond for safety purposes.
Another technology is access technology to implement IPTV in cable television networks. The radio and television access technology is mainly used for two-way transformation, mainly using the technology of cats. But there are also some techniques that use Category 5 lines. There are also ADLS technology, even wireless broadband, the recent development is very fast, the technology has been able to reach 100 trillion. In addition, access technology has some technologies, but they are all non-mainstream.
Another technology is the set-top box, directly to the user. To implement IPTV technology in the cable TV field, the first way cable TV is now being broadcasted is MPEG-2. If IPTV is implemented, the decoding also requires real-time monitoring of PMEG-4. There are several aspects of technology, there is hardware compression. Hardware to MPEG-4 will be launched at the end of the year or next year. The way to achieve it now is mainly soft decompression technology, which calculates the decompressed program into DSP technology.
There are some resources directly available for IPTV services in cable TV. Cable TV already has some management interfaces, such as user management interface SMS and settlement interface. There is also a regulatory interface. The interface of supervision is the need of the broadcasting industry, and there must be a regulatory interface for the security of the program.
To realize the IPTV system, you don't need to establish a set of user interface and settlement interface yourself, you can directly use the existing interfaces of cable TV to reduce the investment of operators.
Of course, these interfaces must be used directly, and must be defined by interface technology and interface specifications.
The Internet has carried out several researches and hopes to cooperate with a large number of equipment manufacturers and radio and television operators to promote the development of IPTV in the broadcasting industry and promote the transition of cable TV from analog technology to digital technology.
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