From the earliest formulation, intelligent transportation to solve transportation problems, to intelligent transportation to alleviate transportation problems, and now to intelligent transportation in smart cities, there are very few assessments of intelligent transportation. What is the role? From the evaluation of the construction of intelligent transportation systems in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hangzhou and other cities over the past 10 years, the role of intelligent transportation in cities can be summarized as follows:
1. Road traffic monitoring: intersections with large road traffic flow, road sections with concentrated flow of people, hubs, stations, etc. The monitoring center can observe the traffic situation of each node in real time. Under normal conditions, it reduces the labor of traffic police patrol and attendance. Management cost, under abnormal circumstances, you can retrieve the scene event image as soon as possible after receiving the alarm, to make full preparation for emergency response. In general, the role of traffic monitoring is to reduce management labor costs and improve traffic management service levels.
2. Electronic police and bayonet: From the perspective of the ITS framework in the United States, electronic police and bayonet belong to the category of safety. Electronic police is a measure to regulate the safe driving order of traffic at intersections and road sections and to avoid accidents. The significance is more about the safety management of routes and districts. It belongs to the category of urban safety operation and management. With the importance of auxiliary decision support, its cross-sectional data is also increasingly used for OD data collection such as city planning. In general, the functions of electronic police and bayonet are reflected in the urban safety management and standardizing social order.
3. Traffic signal control: In the strict sense, the signal light control is earlier than the emergence of intelligent transportation systems. Today, intersection signal control has become more and more the standard configuration of urban road intersections, except for the intersection of certain branch roads and secondary roads. Secondary Road-Intersection of secondary roads and other intersections with low traffic volume. Therefore, the role of traffic signal control in the city, regulate the order of motor vehicles and pedestrian traffic, and ensure the safety of intersections.
4. Traffic information collection and guidance: Information collection, guidance, and release are the core of Japan's ITS development. By collecting real-time road network data, it is processed into state information, which is used to provide vehicle navigation road conditions and route selection. In this regard, what is currently achieved in China is the release in the form of VMS, personalized car navigation, in research and demonstration. The implementation of information collection and guidance on Shanghai ’s elevated roads provides a good way for pedestrians to choose paths. Under occasional congestion, this kind of information provides help drivers choose new paths and avoid congestion, but, With frequent congestion and simultaneous congestion with multiple choice paths, the effect is not significant. From the perspective of decision support, the collection and accumulation of traffic data have great support and persuasion for grasping urban traffic travel laws and exploring traffic travel modes. In general, the role of traffic information collection and guidance is mainly reflected in providing reference for travelers' traffic, assisting in the selection of traffic paths, accumulating urban traffic data for managers, and providing decision support for planning and management.
5. Parking guidance: Parking guidance should actually belong to the category of traffic information collection and guidance. It is just to distinguish its difficulty in parking. The goal is very clear. It is to induce drivers to find reasonable parking spaces and improve parking service levels. , It can also avoid empty driving and reduce carbon emissions.
6. Integrated traffic information platform: A platform, literally understood, is a space where all parties meet. An integrated traffic information platform is also a space where various types of traffic information converge. Therefore, the comprehensive traffic information platform under construction in various places should be different from the comprehensive traffic monitoring emergency command system previously built, and some cities have combined the management model and system construction into one. The integrated transportation information platform belongs to a branch of city information, which mainly gathers various kinds of transportation information, and processes and applies it after gathering. Therefore, the role of the integrated transportation information platform in the city is reflected in the development of the city, providing a think tank for management, and speaking with data, which is the most powerful.
7. Intelligent public transportation: that is, the intelligentization of public transportation, including real-time GPS bus positioning to grasp the information of the bus in transit, bus optimal scheduling, reasonable car allocation, real-time bus station bus information release, network and other intelligent terminal public interchange Inquiry and other information services.
It can be seen that intelligent public transportation mainly serves two types of groups. One is public transportation operators. By grasping passenger flow information, rationally arranging departure intervals and maximizing the use of resources, and the other is to serve public transportation travelers, so that they can take public transportation. Convenient and comfortable.
8. Toll-free ETC: There are 184 special ETC lanes in Shanghai, and the average coverage of the total cross section exceeds 60%. The main market town highways have all ETC lanes installed. The average daily traffic of the road network ETC exceeds 130,000 vehicles, accounting for about 17% of the total traffic of the road network. In general, the benefits of ETC in enhancing highway capacity, improving congestion at toll gates, and energy conservation and emission reduction are increasingly prominent.
9. Internet of Vehicles: With the application requirements and promotion of the Internet of Things (IOT, Internet of Things), the Internet of Vehicles technology is also on the agenda in transportation. At present, there is no real system to follow up the Internet of Vehicles, mainly the development and application of communication technologies by automobile manufacturers. With its development and application, the effect on the city is reflected in the smoother communication between the car and the workshop, which provides a broader space for the acquisition and sharing of traffic information.
10. Passive safety: Passive safety technology or passive safety system is to achieve the safety of pedestrians and drivers through auxiliary control of peripheral facilities. Common methods include the identification and warning of fatigue driving in the car, the setting of anti-collision facilities outside the car, and the tips of safety and danger avoidance. Its role is obviously reflected in reducing safety accidents.
From the above 10 aspects, we can see that the role of intelligent transportation system in the city is mainly reflected in the following four aspects:
1. Service for city safety and traffic management. Such as traffic monitoring, electronic police, bayonet, traffic signal control, intelligent public transportation, etc .;
2. Serve travelers, such as traffic information collection and guidance, intelligent public transportation, parking guidance, etc .;
3. Alleviate the problem of congestion at sensitive traffic points. Such as ETC;
4. Provide decision support for planning, management, etc., such as traffic data collection, integrated traffic information platform, etc.
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