1. Energy efficiency principles for building electrical engineering
The principle of building electrical energy conservation is to reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency under the premise of fully satisfying and perfecting the functional requirements of buildings, instead of simplifying the functional requirements of buildings and reducing their functional standards. In the energy-saving design of building electrical engineering, the applicability must be considered: that is, the result of the design must be able to provide sufficient power for the normal operation of the electrical equipment in the building; the normal lighting of the living of the personnel; the load capacity and reliability of the electrical equipment Sexual requirements and other aspects; meet the relevant requirements of electrical control methods, so that the power of electrical equipment is maximized. Safety is also an aspect that must be considered when designing electrical engineering in a building. Cables and wires should have sufficient insulation protection measures. The insulation distance, insulation strength, load capacity, etc. must meet the relevant requirements to ensure the safe operation of power supply equipment, distribution boxes and electrical equipment. Proper allocation of construction equipment and effective and scientific control and management are one of the ways to save energy.
The terminal electrical equipment is the power consumption part, but the terminal electrical equipment does not have all the electric energy is effective, and some of the electric energy is converted into heat energy or other forms of energy is consumed. Therefore, we must pay full attention to the selection of electrical equipment, and give priority to those energy-saving and high-efficiency electrical equipment. In the design phase, the load should be adjusted reasonably and the design parameters should be optimized. Under the premise of satisfying the overall and local power consumption of the building, the load rate and the utilization rate of the equipment are improved to save energy. In short, advanced energy-saving technologies and energy-saving materials should be adopted in terms of applicability and economic rationality in order to meet the requirements of building electrical engineering.
2. Energy-saving design and measures
2.1 Power supply and distribution equipment
According to the building's electricity consumption, power supply distance, power equipment and other factors, the power supply and distribution system is rationally designed to realize the system is simple and reliable, and the operation is easy. The main ones are: the substation is built as close as possible to the load center. Place, shorten the distribution radius, so that the line loss is effectively reduced; for the capacity of the transformer to be properly selected according to the specific construction project; to meet the seasonal changes in load, but also to achieve economic operation, reduce operating time Necessary power loss.
The reasonable choice of power supply and distribution power factor is an important part of energy-saving design of building electrical engineering. Increasing the power factor reduces losses on the line and saves power. The electric energy is transmitted by the line, so it is inevitable that there is a line loss and a power loss caused by the line transmitting reactive power. The usefulness of the transmission is to meet the daily needs of the building. Ballasts (fluorescent lamps) of some electrical equipment in power distribution equipment generate hysteresis reactive current. This part of the current is transmitted through the line to the end of the electrical equipment to increase the power loss of the line. How to reduce or avoid this part of power loss can be used: reduce the power consumption of power equipment, improve the power factor of power equipment (such as electric Motor); use static capacitor to achieve reactive power compensation according to the specific situation, use scattered local compensation and high Low-voltage cabinet centralized compensation and other methods.
There is a certain resistance in the transmission line, and when the current flows, the active power loss is generated. The current on the line cannot be changed. To reduce the line loss, only reduce the line resistance. Therefore, the loss of the line can be reduced from the following aspects: the material with a small conductivity is used as the wire, and the copper core is the best material at present. Copper conductors are used in buildings with large loads, and aluminum-zinc wires are used in buildings with small loads. The line should be as straight as possible to reduce the length of the wire; the low-voltage line should not go back or go back to the head line to reduce the power loss on the line; the transformer is as close as possible to the load center to reduce the power supply distance. When the plane of each floor of the building reaches 11,000 square meters, at least 2~3 power distribution stations should be set up according to the block to reduce the length of the trunk line; for high-rise buildings, the low-voltage power distribution room should be close to the shaft and be equipped with low voltage. The electric room provides the main line to the shaft, so that the phenomenon that the branch line is reversed along the main line is not generated. That is, the layout of the low-voltage distribution room and the shaft position should be forwarded to the line portion to minimize the branch line for returning electrical energy.
2.2 Power equipment part
Lighting energy-saving design is to ensure the loss of light energy in the lighting system under the premise of ensuring the visual requirements of the working surface and the quality of the lighting, so as to maximize the use of light energy. Common energy-saving measures include the following aspects: making full use of natural light, which is one of the important ways of energy saving in lighting. In design, electrical designers should cooperate with the construction professional to make full use of natural light and indoor artificial lighting. Combined, which greatly saves artificial lighting power. The use of LED lighting to replace traditional incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps has become a trend in the 21st century residential lighting field, and traditional lighting fixtures in the room have faced severe challenges. Research data shows that LED is a cold light source, and semiconductor lighting itself has no pollution to the environment. Compared with incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps, the power saving efficiency can reach more than 75%. At the same brightness, the power consumption is only 1/15 of that of an ordinary incandescent lamp and 1/3 of a fluorescent tube. Promote the use of light source electrical accessories with low energy consumption, such as electronic ballasts, energy-saving magnetic ballasts, electronic triggers and electronic Transformers. Fluorescent lamps in public buildings should be equipped with lamps with reactive compensation, compact fluorescent lamps are preferred for electronic ballasts, and gas discharge lamps should be electronic triggers.
3. Summary
In order to avoid the energy supply cannot continue to meet the status of China's economic development, China has now regarded energy conservation and emission reduction as one of the country's basic national policies. Advances in science and technology have led to a significant increase in the use of electrical energy, but we should pay more attention to and recognize the corresponding problems. Although we implement energy conservation and emission reduction through innovative means in building electrical, it is everyone's responsibility to save electricity. Only in this way can we ensure that we can enjoy the progress of science and technology without causing irreversible changes in our living conditions. damage.
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