New energy vehicles have entered a period of rapid development on a global scale. Large car companies have shifted from watching and prudence in the past to strategic inputs. This article will simply sort out this trend that affects the industry's rapid changes and its strategy for car companies.
Global car companies are making efforts to deploy new energy
The year 2016 was a leap year for the development of new energy vehicles. The awareness of new energy vehicles by governments and enterprises in various countries has increased rapidly. The world's major automakers have taken new energy vehicles as an important part of their respective development strategies and gradually increased their global scope.
In early 2017, major automobile manufacturers in various countries successively issued plans for future development in the field of new energy vehicles. By 2025, the planned sales of car companies in the new energy automotive sector will total 5.7 million to 8.2 million vehicles.
Germany: The Volkswagen Group will list 30 models of pure electric drive vehicles by 2025 and achieve annual sales of 2 million to 3 million electric vehicles. The Mercedes-Benz Group will invest up to 10 billion Euros in the development of new energy vehicles, which is expected to be 2025. Before the year, 10 models of electric vehicles were introduced, with planned sales of 450,000 to 750,000 units, which will account for 15 to 25% of the total sales volume; BMW will set the sales plan for new energy vehicles at 15 to 25% of the total sales volume and plan sales volume. 300,000 to 500,000 vehicles, including pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles. In addition, BMW also plans to launch a fuel cell vehicle with a shorter cruising range in 2021.
United States: Ford plans to achieve 10 to 25% of global sales of new energy vehicles by 2020, and plan sales of about 650,000 to 1.65 million vehicles, mainly based on hybrid technology and plug-in hybrid technology. GM has adopted a cooperative approach to new energy deployments. It has jointly invested 85 million U.S. dollars with Honda and continues to deepen its cooperation in fuel cell and hydrogen storage since 2013, and will form a joint venture company in the United States about 2020. Dayton began production of fuel cell systems. In addition, GM also cooperates with PSA on electric vehicles.
Japan and South Korea: The development strategy of Japanese car companies in the new energy field places more emphasis on the choice of technology route. Toyota's plans for its plug-in hybrid technology and fuel cell vehicles will be divided into three stages: short-, medium-, and long-term. The short-term goal is to expand HEV. The medium-term goal is to accelerate PHEV. The long-term goal is to eliminate engine models by 2050. , HEV and PHEV models accounted for 70% of total sales, FCV and EV accounted for 30%; Honda, through cooperation with GM, made fuel cell vehicles become the “breath†of the automotive industry; with the Nissan plan for Japanese car manufacturers to 2020 In the year, more than 20% of its vehicles and approximately 2 million vehicles will achieve the goal of zero emissions, and will build pure electric vehicles through the shared platforms of Renault, Nissan and Mitsubishi.
The Korean auto company Hyundai Kia Group stated that it will launch 26 new energy vehicles by 2020, and achieve the goal of selling 300,000 new energy vehicles annually.
China: BAIC New Energy plans to build three new bases, realize 500,000 new energy vehicles in the end of the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan†period, and produce more than 800,000 units of production capacity; BYD will implement its new energy source through the layout of the upstream lithium industry. The development plan of the car and the construction of a power battery production line in Qinghai in 2017. It is estimated that the production capacity of 10GWH will be completed by 2020 and the sales target of 600,000 vehicles will be achieved. Chery will develop a brand new pure electric vehicle and hybrid vehicle in 2019. Planned battery energy density of 300 wh/kg or more, to achieve sales target of 200,000 new energy vehicles by 2020; Chang'an Automobile plans to invest 18 billion yuan in two major technology platforms, pure electric and hybrid, to achieve cumulative sales of new energy vehicles in 2020 It has reached 400,000 units; Geely Automobile has over 1.3 million vehicles under construction, and plans to achieve 90% or more of the total sales of new energy vehicles by 2020; Dongfeng Motor will achieve a market share of 15 to 18% by 2020, and sales of new energy vehicles will reach 2020. Strive to reach 300,000 vehicles; GAC Group and SAIC Group will add 4.694 billion yuan to new energy vehicle projects and accumulate 20 billion yuan respectively. Investment, plans to achieve 200,000 and 600,000 new energy vehicle production and sales targets by 2020.
Chinese market is hot or will push the new pattern of production
China is the world's largest automotive market. In the layout of new energy vehicles in various countries, the Chinese market has become an indispensable part.
Focus on the development of pure electric products.
At present, major car companies have designated new energy vehicles as an important part of their respective automotive industry development. In order to adapt to the pure electric driving technology route adopted by China in the new energy automotive industry, various car companies have adopted various measures.
Volkswagen plans to build a giant factory that will focus on improving the core strengths of battery technology, autopilot and artificial intelligence. BMW will take advantage of its advantages in electrification and plan to achieve electric options for all the cars by 2020; Ford will be in 2016. The New Energy Road in China has been launched, and new energy layout and technological innovation have begun. In the future, all Ford new energy vehicles will be introduced into the Chinese market; Japanese car companies that have been adhering to the hybrid and fuel cell technology routes have also changed their strategy. A purely electric vehicle division was established and led by President Akio Temasek. Honda also strengthened its development in the field of electrification and strengthened R&D in dynamic charging technology to increase the charging speed and charging efficiency of electric vehicles.
Take joint venture mode.
The joint venture is another model adopted by companies from various countries to seize the Chinese market. The German government has put forward a number of promotion policies to promote the development of the new energy automotive industry. Volkswagen and Daimler have respectively formed a joint venture with JAC and BAIC to establish a joint venture company, focusing on new energy.
Fuel cells are booming in the global new energy automotive market
In the selection of technology routes, fuel cells have become a key development direction for the new energy automotive industry in some countries and regions in recent years.
Japan: Committed to building a "hydrogen society" before the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games and popularizing hydrogen fuel cells. The 11 companies including Honda, Toyota and Nissan signed a memorandum to promote hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to expand Japan's fuel cell market. By 2020, Japan will add 160 hydrogen fuel stations to achieve the goal of driving 40,000 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles on the road. Companies involved in this cooperation include not only car companies, but also related companies in the energy and finance industries, among which companies engaged in infrastructure construction will build and operate new hydrogen fuel stations, and car companies will do their best to promote and sell hydrogen fuels. car.
At present, Toyota has launched the world's first mass production of hydrogen fuel cell car Mirai, Honda's 750 kilometers of hydrogen-powered car Clarity has also limited sales. Toyota will also build the "Project Portal", an eight-level heavy-duty fuel cell truck, which is scheduled to be commissioned at the Los Angeles and Long Beach ports.
China: The fuel cell vehicle product adopts the form of hybrid power, and uses the fuel cell with a certain power power battery as the vehicle power source. Yutong, Futian and other companies' fuel cell vehicles can reach 300~350km. At present, domestic fuel cell buses are mainly used in buses and logistics vehicles. In terms of passenger vehicles, the mileage of Roewe 950 products is more than 400km.
China began researching and developing hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in 2001. It started late relative to foreign countries and has a certain gap with other countries in terms of cost, performance, and key components. Since China's initial development is purely electric vehicles, the investment in related policies, materials, and financial resources is also focused on pure electric drives. The development of fuel cell vehicles has lagged behind.
Other countries and regions: In Germany, Mercedes-Benz and Audi launched hydrogen fuel cell concept vehicles in 2016, with cruising range of 500km and 600km respectively, of which GLCfuel-cell jointly developed by Mercedes-Benz and Ford will be launched in 2017, and will be launched in Japan in the early stages. And California, USA.
In the United States, GM and Honda have set up a plant in Michigan to launch the next-generation propulsion system for fuel cell vehicles.
In Europe, there are 13 companies that jointly set up the Hydrogen Council and will jointly invest more than US$1 billion each year to help accelerate the development of fuel cell technology.
Korea Hyundai Group also announced its next-generation fuel cell plan, which will introduce a fourth-generation fuel cell technology model in 2018. Its cruising range will reach 800 km.
Power battery is still a key development project in various countries
The development of the new energy automobile industry has brought about an overall outbreak of the market. The demand for power batteries in the core three-electric technology has also become increasingly strong. Power batteries have also become the focus of various countries in the strategic layout of new energy.
Development planning continues.
The United States regards the power battery as an important part of its "Blueprint for the ubiquitous electric vehicle ubiquitous challenge" and has formulated relevant system technical indicators. It plans to increase the battery energy density to 250Wh/kg by 2017 and carry out the post-2017 lithium production in 2017~2027. Ion battery technology development to achieve commercial applications.
Japan also sets a clear goal in terms of the service life, energy efficiency, power density and other performance of the power battery: By 2020, it will carry out research on new-generation lithium-ion batteries with high-capacity anode and cathode materials, and will develop new-system batteries by 2030. .
The German government has developed a national electric drive platform program to promote the development of power batteries. It is planned to achieve an energy density of 110 Wh/kg and a cost of 300 US$/kWh in 2017, and an energy density of 130 Wh/kg and 280 US$/kWh in 2020. the cost of.
China also released the “Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicle Technology Roadmap†in October 2016, proposing the industrialization of new-type lithium-ion batteries by 2020, achieving significant progress in the new system battery technology by 2025, and entering into power by 2030. The battery industry matures.
Globalization of production layout.
In May this year, Samsung SDI’s electric vehicle battery plant in Hungary was completed and will be officially put into production in the second quarter of next year. The project covers an area of ​​330,000 square meters, and the annual output can meet the demand of 50,000 electric vehicles. At this point, Samsung SDI has formed a global battery triangle production structure layout in South Korea, China, and Hungary.
U.S. electric vehicle and energy company Tesla also cooperated with Japan’s Matsushita to build a Gigafactory super battery factory in Nevada, and plans to build four new super battery factories in the world. In addition, Daimler plans to build a super battery plant has also started construction, and will work with Samsung SDI, LG, to build a battery factory.
According to analysis by research institutions, the current global battery capacity is approximately 103 gigawatt-hours. By 2021, the global battery capacity will more than double to 278 gigawatt-hours. This also means that in the future, the competition focus of countries in the field of new energy vehicles will be biased towards the core technology, not just the production capacity.
New charging technology continues to break through
In addition to power battery technology, the development of charging technology is an integral part of new energy vehicles.
Wireless charging technology.
In research and development, wireless charging technology has achieved certain results. Qualcomm's Halo Wireless Charging System can support various types of batteries, and in the future it will realize the placement of wireless charging transmitters under certain road surfaces to enable electric vehicles to drive while charging, and Bombardier's innovative PRIMOVE technology enables electric vehicles. Dynamic or static charging can be used while driving or at a standstill; Israel’s ElectRoad will conduct a half-mile wireless charging technology road test in 2018 and plans to successfully test it at Eilat and Ramon International Airport after successful testing. An 11-mile wireless charging road is laid in between.
In terms of application, the United States Evatran has set up a joint venture in China, focusing on the wireless charging business and applying its R&D wireless charging system to relevant electric vehicle products. Domestic wireless energy charging products of ZTE New Energy have also been applied to urban buses and buses.
High-power charging.
In order to solve the "range anxiety" of new energy vehicles, foreign companies have begun to force high-power charging. Daimler, BMW, Volkswagen, and Ford have set about jointly building a high-power charging network and plan to open up to other automakers. At the end of 2016, Tesla CEO Musk announced that it would upgrade Tesla's original 120 KW charging power to 350 KW, which will provide enough electricity for 300 km driving range within 10 minutes. In addition, some countries in Europe and the United States are also conducting 350-500KW power charging piles.
Other charging technologies.
At present, some new charging methods have also made breakthroughs and entered the application process. Honda built a solar charging station in Offenbach, Germany, using solar photovoltaic roofs to power the entire charging pile. The charging station has a voltage of 940V and can deliver up to 150kW of energy while charging 4 electric vehicles. In addition, the future charging mode is also expected to develop in the direction of visual charging and smart charging.
Autopilot technology attracts much attention
With the further development of the electrification process of new energy vehicles, the intelligent network-based technology based on this has also been rapidly developed, of which the development of autonomous driving technology is the most rapid.
Germany: In May of this year, the German auto parts giant ZF announced that it would collaborate with the world's largest seat and interior manufacturer France Faurecia to jointly develop the safety technology and future drivers seats in the era of autopilot; Continental Group Acquired the laser sensor department of a U.S. company to acquire the relevant measurement technology for autonomous vehicles and the surrounding distance, and reached a strategic cooperation with domestic technology company Baidu to jointly develop cooperation and solutions in areas related to autopilot, car networking, and smart mobile services. . The Bosch Group started cooperation with local Chinese companies in 2016 and launched more than a dozen new development projects in the field of electrification. In addition, Bosch also co-developed with Germany's Daimler and Nvidia and plans to achieve it around 2020. There is no need for mass production of the driver's self-driving car.
Japan: Japan's No. 1 component company, Denso, acquired Fujitsu, a subsidiary of Fujitsu’s radar system manufacturing and unmanned system research and development company, to enhance the development of autopilot-related software, and increased research and development costs for FY2017 to 425 billion yen. One-third of them will be invested in areas such as artificial intelligence development.
United States: In the past decade, Google has invested heavily in automated driving technology and talent, not only promoting legislation related to self-driving cars, but also establishing a fleet of self-driving cars. At present, its independent self-driving technology company Waymo not only improves the accuracy of the laser radar technology, but also realizes the cost reduction, and will achieve further cost reduction in the subsequent mass production; in addition, its introduced vision system can adapt. All light environments and complete modeling of road conditions.
Apple’s layout for automated driving is also on the horizon. Not only has it obtained a license for a California automated driving test, it has also invested in companies related to automated research and will continue to explore the potential of automated systems in the transportation sector.
New energy vehicles have become an important strategic content for the development of automobile industries in various countries. With the further popularization and development of electrification, intelligentization, networking, and sharing will become the development needs of new energy vehicles in the future. Among these, there is a huge technological space and market gap, for the enterprises themselves and even their regions and countries. Both have important strategic significance.
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