When maintaining inverters, overvoltage faults are commonly discussed, but undervoltage issues are also frequent in real-world applications. Undervoltage typically occurs when the main circuit voltage drops below a certain threshold, triggering protection mechanisms or causing damage to components like the rectifier bridge. It can also happen due to a sudden power outage on the grid, leading to an imbalance in input voltage.
During the process of troubleshooting undervoltage faults, after-sales technicians have developed several effective methods for detecting low voltage conditions:
Comparator Detection
This method involves using a Zener diode to set a reference voltage at one end of a comparator. The actual voltage is then sampled and compared against this reference. The result is output through the comparator, allowing for quick detection of under-voltage conditions.
ADC Detection (Analog-to-Digital Converter)
The detected voltage is first stepped down using resistors to fall within the ADC's measurable range. Once converted into a digital signal, the system can be programmed to trigger alarms based on predefined voltage thresholds. This method offers greater flexibility and precision in monitoring.
The storage capacitors in the main circuit play a crucial role in both overvoltage and undervoltage events. Over time, all inverter components degrade, and once their lifespan is reached, failures may occur. Faults such as capacitor aging or failure can disrupt the entire inverter operation. For inverters that have been inactive for more than a year, it’s recommended to perform a full physical inspection of the capacitors to ensure they are still functional.
If an inverter has not been used for a long time, how can you prevent potential issues? According to best practices, it’s advisable to power up the inverter every two to three months for 20–30 minutes. For electrolytic capacitors, which are sensitive to long-term inactivity, applying about 50% of the rated voltage for more than 30 minutes can help reduce leakage current and restore normal performance.
Inverters that have been in service for more than five years should also undergo capacity testing on their energy storage capacitors. Frequent voltage fluctuations during operation often point to problems with the DC capacitors—such as reduced capacitance, loss of capacity, or complete failure. Regular maintenance and component checks can significantly extend the life and reliability of your inverter system.
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